I-Gear ne-Gear Axle – Izingxenye Zekhwalithi Ephezulu Zokusebenza Okungcono Kakhulu
Izici Zomkhiqizo
Amagiya kanye namagiya shaft yizinto ezibalulekile embonini yezimoto futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kwemishini eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa nezimoto. Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokudlulisa amandla nokunyakaza kusuka enjini kuya emasondweni, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici zamagiya nama-shaft amagiya, sicacise ukubaluleka kwawo nokuthi anikela kanjani ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwemishini yezimoto.
Enye yezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu zamagiya amandla awo okunikeza isivinini nokuguqulwa kwetorque. Amagiya aklanywe ngosayizi abahlukene kanye nokucushwa, okuwavumela ukuthi adlulise kahle amandla esuka enjini ukuya emasondweni. Izilinganiso zamagiya zinquma ukuthi amandla asakazwa kanjani, okuvumela imoto ukuthi ifinyelele isivinini esihlukile netorque. Isibonelo, isilinganiso segiya esiphezulu sizokhiqiza i-torque eningi ngesivinini esiphansi, kuyilapho isilinganiso segiya esiphansi sizoqinisekisa isivinini esikhulu ngetorque encane. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo ekulethweni kukagesi kubalulekile ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zokushayela, okuvumela imoto ukuthi izivumelanise nezimo futhi isebenze kahle.
Amagiya aphinde anikeze ukuqina namandla amangalisayo. Ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengensimbi noma ama-alloys, okuqinisekisa ukuthi zingakwazi ukumelana namandla amakhulu nezingcindezi ezikhona kuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagiya angena ezinqubweni zokunemba zemishini ukuze athuthukise ukuqina nokunemba kwawo ekudluliseni amandla. Lesi sici sibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwehluleka kwegiya noma ukulimala, ukunciphisa izindleko zokuyilungisa, kanye nokwelula impilo yomugqa wokushayela imoto.
Izinsimbi zamagiya, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-ekseli, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwemoto. Inesibopho sokudlulisa amandla ukusuka kumehluko ukuya emasondweni, okubangela ukuthi ajikeleze futhi aqhubekisele imoto phambili. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ze-gear shaft yikhono layo lokumelana ne-torque nokulayisha. Njengoba imelana namandla amakhulu nezingcindezi, yenziwa ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside njengensimbi efojiwe noma i-aluminium alloy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-gear shaft ibhekana nenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa ukuze ithuthukise amandla ayo kanye nokumelana nokugqoka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sama-gear shafts ukuguquguquka kwawo. Ingaklanywa ukuthi ilingane nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto, kungaba imoto encane, iloli elisindayo noma imoto engekho emgwaqeni. Ubude, ukujiya kanye nokucushwa kwe-shaft yegiya kuhlelwa ngokwezidingo ezithile zemoto. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kwenza abakhiqizi bakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemoto, ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezidingo zezimo zokushayela nezindawo ezihlukahlukene.
Kafushane, amagiya namagiya shaft adlala indima ebalulekile embonini yezimoto, ehlinzeka ngokudluliswa kwamandla adingekayo nokusebenza ezimotweni. Izici zabo ezifana nesivinini kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-torque, ukuqina, amandla nokuguquguquka kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni okuphelele nokusebenza kahle kwemishini yezimoto. Ngokuqonda nokusebenzisa lezi zici, abakhiqizi bangaklama futhi bakhiqize izimoto ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokuthandwa ngabathengi. Ekugcineni, amagiya namagiya shaft azoqhubeka nokuba yingxenye ebalulekile yomhlaba wezimoto, ukushayela ubuhlakani obusha kanye nokuthuthuka ekwakhiweni kwezimoto nokusebenza.
Isicelo somkhiqizo
Amagiya namagiya shafts: umgogodla wokudlulisa ngomshini
Emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bemishini, amagiya adlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliseni amandla nokunyakaza phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene. Kusukela kumishini elula enjengamabhayisikili kuya emishinini eyinkimbinkimbi esetshenziswa embonini, amagiya asenhliziyweni yokuhanjiswa kwemishini ephumelelayo nethembekile. I-gear shaft ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezengeza ukusebenza kwegiya. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukubaluleka kwamagiya namagiya shaft ezinhlelweni zemishini, imisebenzi yawo, nokuthi asebenzisana kanjani ukuqinisekisa ukunyakaza okushelelayo nokunembayo.
Amagiya ayizingxenye zomshini ezinamazinyo zomumo nosayizi abahlukahlukene ezihlangana ndawonye ukuze zidlulise ukunyakaza okujikelezayo netorque. Azisetshenziswa ezimotweni kuphela kodwa nasemishinini, emishinini yezimboni, amawashi nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenakubalwa. Amagiya angase abe nezinombolo ezihlukene zamazinyo, okunquma isilinganiso segiya futhi kuthinte isivinini nokukhishwa kwetorque yesistimu ayingxenye yayo.
Manje, ake singene ku-gear shaft. I-ekseli i-shaft emaphakathi esetshenziselwa ukuzungezisa isondo noma igiya. Uma ihlanganiswa negiya yenza i-gear shaft. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-shaft yegiya ukusekela nokuqondanisa amagiya ajikelezayo ngenkathi uhambisa i-torque nokunyakaza kusuka kwelinye igiya kuya kwelinye. Isebenza njengephoyinti le-pivot legiya, iqinisekisa ukuphenduka okushelelayo, okunembayo kwegiya.
Ama-gear shafts akhiwe ngezinto eziningi, kufaka phakathi ama-bearings, shafts kanye nezindlu. Ama-bearings ayingxenye ebalulekile yomhlangano we-gear shaft ngoba anciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi avumele ukujikeleza okushelelayo phakathi kwe-shaft nezingxenye zegiya. Izinto zokwakha ze-shaft zikhethwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zohlelo lokusebenza njengamandla, ukuqina nokumelana nokugqwala. Izindlu zihlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwesakhiwo futhi zivikela ama-ekseli namagiya ngaphakathi kwesistimu.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi amagiya namashafu asebenza kanjani, ake sicabangele isibonelo sesistimu yokuthutha imoto. Emotweni, injini ikhiqiza amandla, okudingeka ukuthi adluliselwe kahle emasondweni ukuze aqhubekise imoto. Amagiya, okuhlanganisa nama-ekseli, adlala indima ebalulekile ekuzuzeni lokhu kudluliswa kahle.
Ngaphakathi ku-gearbox kufakwe uxhaxha lwamagiya anezinhlobo ezahlukene zamazinyo afakwe ku-gear shaft. Njengoba injini izungeza amagiya axhunywe ku-shaft yokufaka, i-torque idluliselwa ku-shaft okukhiphayo ngokusebenzisa i-meshing yamagiya ngamanye. I-gear shaft iqinisekisa ukuthi amagiya ahlala eqondile futhi ehlukaniswe kahle ukuze kudluliswe amandla abushelelezi phakathi kwamagiya.
Isilinganiso sokudlulisa esitholwe amagiya namagiya shaft ohlelweni lokudlulisa sinquma isivinini kanye nokukhishwa kwetorque yemoto. Ngokushintsha amagiya, umshayeli angakhetha phakathi kwezilinganiso ezahlukene zamagiya ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kwemoto, noma ngabe kudingeka amandla engeziwe noma isivinini esiphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwezezimoto, amagiya namagiya shaft asetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi ezahlukene. Isibonelo, emishinini esindayo esetshenziswa ekwakheni, amagiya kanye namagiya shaft anesibopho sokudlulisa amazinga aphezulu we-torque ukuhambisa imithwalo esindayo kahle. Ngokufanayo, ewashini, amagiya namagiya alawula ukunyakaza okuqondile kwezandla.
Ngamafuphi, amagiya kanye namagiya shaft kuyizingxenye ezingahlukaniseki zokudluliswa kwemishini. Amagiya adlulisa kahle amandla nokunyakaza, kuyilapho i-shaft yegiya inikeza ukusekela, ukuqondanisa, futhi isebenza njengephoyinti le-pivot legiya. Kusukela emishinini elula kuya ezimbonini eziyinkimbinkimbi, amagiya namagiya shaft adlala indima ebalulekile cishe kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwethu. Njengoba intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe iqhubeka nokubumba umhlaba wobunjiniyela bemishini, amagiya namagiya shaft azoqhubeka nokuba umgogodla wezinhlelo ezithembekile nezisebenza kahle zemishini.